LC*GC

December 2006
November 2006
October 2006
September 2006
August 2006
July 2006
June 2006
May 2006
April 2006
March 2006
February 2006
January 2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1995 - 1996

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  Practical Guidelines in the Care and Maintenance of Capillary GC Columns
  Mark Sinnott, Simon Jones, and Allen Vickers
  The three guest authors take a look at the issues surrounding avoiding column breakage, stationary phase damage, and column contamination.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Method Reproducibility - A Case Study
  Nastaran Sigari and John W. Dolan
  As Nastaran Sigari joins longtime columnist John Dolan in this month's installment of "LC Troubleshooting," the duo examines an issue associated with a liquid chromatography (LC) method for a pharmaceutical product.
  
• MILESTONES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY
  Was Moses the First Chromatographer?: Chromatography in the Ancient World
  Leslie S. Ettre
  This month, Leslie Ettre briefly investigates whether the principles of chromatography - either consciously or unconsciously - were used in some ancient work.
  
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  Ionization Revisited
  Michael P. Balogh
  Michael Balogh shows us how, over the last ten years or so, information gathered by applying atmospheric ionization techniques in mass spectrometry teaches us two things: 1) that liquid is a vestigial remnant of condensed-phase liquid chromatography and 2) that solvent in the gas phase limits ionization to molecules that are more basic than the solvent.
  

EDITORIAL INDEX

• 2006 Index of Authors and Subjects
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  Top 10 HPLC Column Myths
  Ronald E. Majors
  In this installment of "Column Watch," Ron Majors demystifies the 10 most popular myths surrounding HPLC column technology.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  On-Column Sample Degradation
  Frederic Bell and John W. Dolan
  Guest columnist Frederic Bell joins 2007 Stephen Dal Nogare Award winner John Dolan to present two examples of sample degradation inside the liquid chromatography (LC) column.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  Setting Realistic Expectations for GC Optimization
  John V. Hinshaw
  In the first column from Advanstar's recently released "GC Connections Resource Guide," John Hinshaw addresses questions of instrument capabilities and chromatographers' expectations.
  
• VALIDATION VIEWPOINT
  Analytical Method Transfer
  Michael Swartz and Ira Krull
  This installment of "Validation Viewpoint" examines the analytical method transfer process, including protocol, documentation, and some possible chromatographic pitfalls to avoid.
  

ARTICLE

• System Suitability and Validation for Chiral Purity Assays of Drug Substances
  P.W. Wrezel, I. Chion, R. Pakula, and D.W. Weissmueller
  The authors describe a simple and practical approach to setting up system suitability and validation for chiral purity assays.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Ad Index
• Classified Directory

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  Nonclassical Methods and Opportunities in Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
  Philip J. Marriott and Paul D. Morrison
  This brief review introduces the GCGC technique and its advantages, which primarily lie in the area of increased separation power for volatile chemical analysis.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Making Connections
  John W. Dolan
  This month's "LC Troubleshooting" takes a look at the important components that are used to connect various parts of the LC system and how to use them wisely.
  
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  How to Build a GLP Bioanalytical Lab
  Adam Brockman and Jing-Tao Wu
  This month's "MS - The Practical Art" will interest those starting a new good laboratory practices (GLP) bioanalytical laboratory, reassessing an existing lab, or revamping a "spirit-of-GLP" laboratory to full GLP status.
  
• MILESTONES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY
  Early International Symposia on Chromatography (50-Year Anniversary of the Chromatographic Society)
  E.R. Adlard
  This year, the Chromatographic Society is celebrating its 50-year anniversary. On the occasion of this anniversary, E.R. Adlard, one of the true pioneers of GC and a leading member of the organization, reports on the most important papers presented at the symposia in the first decade.
  

ARTICLE

• Multiple-Injection Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis
  Jose Zavaleta, Dinora Chinchilla, Alejandra Ramirez, Violet Calderon, and Frank A. Gomez
  The authors demonstrate the use of multiple-injection affinity capillary electrophoresis (MIACE) and several variations to MIACE to determine binding constants between the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin, ristocetin, and teicoplanin from Streptomyces orientalis, Nocardia lurida, and Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, respectively, and D-Ala-D-Ala terminus peptides.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  Highlights of HPLC 2006
  Ronald E. Majors
  In this month's "Column Watch," Ron Majors summarizes some of the separation trends noted at the HPLC 2006 Symposium held in June in San Francisco, California, and cites some of the more significant presentations in the columns and detection areas.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  What's Happening to My Column?
  John W. Dolan
  John Dolan addresses two column-related problems reported by readers - the first deals with a column that takes several injections to "settle down" for each batch of samples while the second problem relates to short column life due to early fouling of the column.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  How Close is Close Enough? Accuracy and Precision
  John V. Hinshaw
  John Hinshaw explains how accuracy and precision for a specific methodology can be expected to vary from one laboratory or operator to another and takes a closer look at statistical analysis as a diagnostic tool.
  
• DIRECTIONS IN DISCOVERY
  Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Approaches in Proteomics
  Tim Wehr
  Top-down and bottom-up are alternative strategies for protein identification and characterization by mass spectrometry. How do they fit into the world of proteomics? What are their implications for separation technology? These questions are addressed in this month's "Directions in Discovery."
  

ARTICLE

• Analytical Limbo: How Low Can You Go?
  Shin Miin Song, Philip Marriott, Danielle Ryan, and Paul Wynne
  This article provides an up-to-date review of existing and emerging chromatographic innovations, based upon four strategies, that will improve sensitivity and detection limits of trace analysis in GC.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  Anatomy of an LC Column: From the Beginning to Modern Day
  Ronald E. Majors
  In this installment of "Column Watch," Ron Majors traces the developments in modern column design in analytical and preparative configurations and speculates on future directions.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Autosampler Carryover
  John W. Dolan
  Carryover is the appearance of an analyte in a run when a blank containing no analyte is injected. In this month's "LC Troubleshooting," John Dolan shows us how to measure it, and some ways to reduce carryover.
  
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  Spectral Interpretation, Part II: Tools of the Trade
  Michael P. Balogh
  In Part I of this two-part look at spectral interpretation, Michael Balogh examined the ability to see and appreciate the product of our analytical devices. In Part II, he takes a closer look at the tools of the trade.
  
• VALIDATION VIEWPOINT
  Implementing New Technology in a Regulated Environment
  Michael Swartz and Ira Krull
  After having collected some industry accepted practices for implementing new LC technology, the duo discuss FDA guidance available on the subject with respect to LC, and using some recently introduced LC technology. They also provide some examples on how to adopt this new technology for already approved, standard, or validated analytical methods.
  

ARTICLE

• Simultaneous Determination of Positive and Negative Counterions Using a Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Method
  Donald S. Risley and Brian W. Pack
  The authors of this article work to develop a universal high performance liquid chromatography method that is capable of simultaneously retaining and separating both cations and anions within a single chromatographic analysis for the purpose of quantification in pharmaceutical products.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• From the Publisher
• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Ad Index
• Classified Directory

COLUMNS

• SAMPLE PREP PERSPECTIVES
  Modern Techniques for the Extraction of Solid Materials - An Update
  Ronald E. Majors
  In this installment of "Sample Prep Perspectives," Ron Majors examines modern sample preparation methods for solids that often involve increased temperature and higher pressure to speed up the extraction process.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Gradient Performance Problems - A Case Study
  John W. Dolan
  The gradient linearity and step tests are two of the most useful performance tests that can be performed for a liquid chromatography (LC) system. When a new and different example of a problem detected by these tests is discovered, it is hard to bypass the opportunity to share it with our readers.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  Making a Great Connection
  John V. Hinshaw
  This month, John Hinshaw discusses how to make, maintain, and troubleshoot various types of connections used in gas chromatographs.
  
• MILESTONES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY
  The Centenary of "Chromatography"
  Leslie S. Ettre
  The centenary of the two publications of M.S. Tswett, the first scientist to use the term "chromatography," is celebrated in this month's column.
  

ARTICLE

• LC-MS-MS Total Drug Analysis of Biological Samples Using a High-Throughput Protein Precipitation Method
  Bogdan Sleczka, Jian Wang, and Timothy Olah
  This article describes the use of a 96-well, solvent-resistant filtration plate for total drug analysis in blood plasma.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Ad Index
• Classified Directory

COLUMNS

• SAMPLE PREP PERSPECTIVES
  The Role of Passive Samplers in the Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems and Occupational Hygiene Pollution
  Luke Chimuka and Ewa Cukrowska
  Guest authors Luke Chimuka and Ewa Cukrowska provide an in-depth look at the various approaches to passive sampling, weighing the merits and challenges for each type.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  The Power of Mobile Phase Strength
  John W. Dolan
  In this month's installment of "LC Troubleshooting," John Dolan takes a look at solvent strength and sees how we can use it to make predictable changes in the peak movement for reversed-phase LC separations.
  
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  Interpretation of Mass Spectra, Part I: Developing Skills
  Michael P. Balogh
  In this month's column, Michael Balogh propose some practices that you can adopt to enhance your prospects of being right when converting data to knowable information and applying it to solving problems.
  

ARTICLES

• Stephen Dal Nogare: The Person Behind the Award
  Robert L. Grob and Mary A. Kaiser
  The Stephen Dal Nogare award is one of the oldest and most prestigious awards given in chromatography. Little has been written about Stephen Dal Nogare "the man" or his contributions to scientific knowledge, including his unique contributions to separations science. This article describes his scientific career and how it has influenced the practice of chromatography.
  
• Integration Errors in Chromatographic Analysis, Part II: Large Peak Size Ratios
  Merlin K.L. Bicking
  In the second of a two-part series, Merlin K.L. Bicking continues to explain his work concerning integration errors in peaks with approximately equal sizes (small peak ratios).
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  The Rise and Fall of Expertise in Gas Chromatography
  Walter Jennings
  Guest columnist Walter Jennings reflects on the early days of capillary gas chromatography (GC) and how chromatographers became experts in the technology by constructing their own columns, thereby achieving a more thorough understanding of the chromatographic processes.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Dwell Volume Revisited
  John W. Dolan
  John Dolan delves deeper into dwell volume, a subject that was touched upon in a recent installment of "LC Troubleshooting."
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  New GC Instruments and Accessories at the 57th Pittsburgh Conference
  John V. Hinshaw
  In his annual installment, John Hinshaw takes a look at the new gas chromatography instruments and accessories that were on display at Pittcon this year.
  
• VALIDATION VIEWPOINT
  Method Validation and Robustness
  Michael Swartz and Ira Krull
  The authors define robustness, introduce a few approaches to designing a robustness study, and discuss data analysis necessary to help ensure successful method implementation and transfer as a part of method validation protocol.
  
• DIRECTIONS IN DISCOVERY
  A NanoLC-MS Primer for Expression Proteomics: Part II
  Tim Wehr and Caitlin McEathron
  This is the second installment of a two-part series on the practical aspects of configuring and operating a nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system.
  

ARTICLE

• Ion Suppression: A Major Concern in Mass Spectrometry
  Lori Lee Jessome and Dietrich A. Volmer
  In this tutorial, the mechanism and origin of ion suppression will be investigated, as well as ways to validate the presence, and circumvent or compensate for, the effects in LC-MS.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  New Chromatography Columns and Accessories at the 2006 Pittcon Conference: Part II
  Ronald E. Majors
  This month's installment of "Column Watch" is the conclusion of a two-part series in which Ron Majors examines the trends and highlights in columns and consumables at Pittcon 2006. Here, he discusses new gas chromatography columns, sample preparation products, and chromatography/sample prep hardware, accessories, and kits.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  It's Gonna Break
  John W. Dolan
  John Dolan ponders the question of whether or not you will be prepared when that method eventually fails.
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  Q&A
  Michael P. Balogh
  This month's column explores the idea that despite the well-considered physics and engineering involved in mass spectrometer technology, it nonetheless seems that the quality of one's results are as much the product of art as they are of science.
  
• MILESTONES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY
  The Development of the Amino Acid Analyzer
  Leslie S. Ettre and Charles W. Gehrke
  This installment discusses the events leading to the development of the amino acid analyzer near the end of the 1950s at The Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research.
  

ARTICLE

• Integration Errors in Chromatographic Analysis, Part I: Peaks of Approximately Equal Size
  Merlin K.L. Bicking
  In part I of a two-part series, the author introduces several methods to reduce error in your chromatographic analyses.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  New Chromatography Columns and Accessories at the 2006 Pittcon Conference: Part I
  Ronald E. Majors
  This month's installment of "Column Watch" is the first of a two-part series in which Ron Majors examines the trends and highlights in columns and consumables at Pittcon 2006. Here, he discusses new series of HPLC columns and packings and covers reversed-phase, specialty, adsorption, size exclusion, and preparative chromatography columns.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Chromatography Forum - Use the Braintrust
  John W. Dolan
  John Dolan explores how an on-line discussion group can be a great source for free consultation from experts in the field.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  Syringes for Gas Chromatography
  John V. Hinshaw
  In this month's edition, John Hinshaw takes a look at how choosing a suitable syringe for a specific application can be difficult, especially if the inlet system has special requirements; choosing the wrong syringe can cause significant problems.
  
• DIRECTIONS IN DISCOVERY
  A NanoLC-MS Primer for Expression Proteomics: Part I
  Tim Wehr
  This first of a two-part series addresses HPLC pumps, sample introduction systems, and columns for nanoLC-MS.
  

ARTICLE

• How to Retain Polar and Nonpolar Compounds on the Same HPLC Stationary Phase with an Isocratic Mobile Phase
  Joan M.Stevens, Alan Hamstra, Tim Hegeman, and ary Scharrer
  Separation and retention of both polar and nonpolar compounds by the same stationary phase can be a useful approach for analyses of complex samples with a broad range of chemical properties.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• SAMPLE PREP PERSPECTIVES
  Modern Liquid-Liquid Extraction Methods
  Ronald E. Majors
  Ron Majors summarizes some of the newer extraction methods that could replace the age-old separatory funnel methods.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Check Valve Problems
  John W. Dolan
  This month's "LC Troubleshooting" installment will take a look at pump design, how check valves work, and what steps can be taken to minimize pump problems.
  
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  Glossaries, Dictionaries, and Understanding Mass Spectrometry
  Michael P. Balogh
  This month's installment is a selected review comparing the plusses and minuses of three sources of useful information.
  
• VALIDATION VIEWPOINT
  Automation of the Chromatographic Analytical Method Validation Process
  Patrick Lukulay and James Morgado
  Guest columnists Patrick Lukulay and James Morgado describe a software solution for automating the chromatographic method validation process.
  

ARTICLES

• Amide Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange: A Fast Tool for Screening Protein Stabilities in Chromatography
  Jace L. Fogle and Erik J. Fernandez
  Here, the authors present a methodology for using amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange with chromatographic materials.
  
• Analysis of Volatile Bacterial Metabolites by GC-MS
  William L. Wood, Daniel J. Higbee, Melanie Gooldy, Scott Glogowski, Rich Fitzpatrick, Richard J. Karalus, Troy D. Wood, and David J. Mangino
  The authors describe a new method for the identification of key volatile organic compound (VOC) markers.
  
• Factors and Parameters that Directly Affect Recovery of Collected Fractions in Preparative HPLC
  Joan M. Stevens, Alan Hamstra, Tim Hegeman, and Gary Scharrer
  The authors discuss basic fraction collection parameters, namely, detector settings and collection.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• From the Editor
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index

COLUMNS

• COLUMN WATCH
  HPLC Columns - Q's and A's
  Ronald E. Majors
  In this month's installment of "Column Watch," Ron Majors answers HPLC column questions posed by readers and others.
  
• LC TROUBLESHOOTING
  Obtaining More Consistent Results
  John W. Dolan
  John Dolan responds to common liquid chromatography (LC) questions that he receives from both the United States and overseas.
  
• GC CONNECTIONS
  The Thermal Conductivity Detector
  John V. Hinshaw
  John Hinshaw takes a look at the operating principles and inner workings of thermal conductivity detectors.
  
• MS - THE PRACTICAL ART
  DESI, IMS, and Resurgent Challenges to HPLC-MS
  Michael P. Balogh
  In this installment, Michael Balogh looks back at the efforts of early practitioners who pressed manufacturers to improve and extend electrospray's capabilities.
  
• MILESTONES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY
  Chromatography and the Cold War
  Leslie S. Ettre
  In a postscript to his December 2005 installment, Leslie Ettre outlines the East-West controversy concerning the invention of chromatography.
  

ARTICLES

• Determining Zeranol in Bovine Tissues Under Nontoxic Conditions
  Naoto Furusawa and Kunihiro Kishida
  Here, the authors discuss a new method of determining zeranol residues in bovine tissues without using toxic chemicals, organic solvents, and reagants in sample preparation and HPLC separation.
  
• Identifying Differences in Solution Conformations of Two Chimeric lgG3 Antibodies Through Triple Detection SEC
  Emma Longman, Stephen E. Harding and Nicola Marheineke
  In this article, the solution conformations of two chimeric lgG3 antibodies are studied.
  

DEPARTMENTS

• Peaks of Interest
• Products
• Literature
• Calendar
• Short Courses
• Classified Directory
• Ad Index